Country: United States Indicative of the kind of comedy the Wayans brothers would make for the next decade, this film threads spoofs through a story about racial discourse. R 1 hr 37 min May 26th, 1993 Crime, Drama. I dunno. You`ll know their real names and a. You can also download movies for offline viewing as well. Watch Menace Ii Society (1993) HD Full Movie Online Free - Soap2day Originally, rapper MC Ren was set to play A-Wax, but later turned down the role when he joined the Nation of Islam in late 1992. Meanwhile, Illena's cousin gathers his friends to get revenge on Caine. Tap "Sign me up" below to receive our weekly newsletter Gray Matter. ", An Evening with Kevin Smith 2: Evening Harder. Genre: Crime, Drama, Thriller. Similar TV Series. Getting Away with Murder(s) The Holly. Yeah, I do. Rose Island. Menace II Society: Sequel? | Genius Don't Be a Menace - IMDb Similar Movies. Imagine if there was a sequel to Menace II Society, 20 years later. Actresses LaWanda Page and Helen Martin are also hilarious as the elderly ladies (mother and grandmother, respectively). Get the freshest reviews, news, and more delivered right to your inbox! The Invincible Iron Man. The latest GIFs for #menace ii society. Cinemark The director's cut of Menace II Society was released on LaserDisc in 1994 via The Criterion Collection. If your movie/shows isn't listed in our library, you can send your request here, we will try to make it available asap! and the Siskel & Ebert: From Dusk Til Dawn/Eye for an Eye/12 Monkeys/Two If by Sea/Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood. Rappers Spice 1 and Tupac Shakur were initially set to play Caine and Sharif respectively, but they were later fired, with director Allen Hughes stating that Shakur was causing trouble on the set. Menace II Society - 1993 Soap2day , A young street hustler attempts to escape the rigors and temptations of the ghetto in a quest for a better life. After witnessing the stomping, Caine's grandparents decide that it is best for him to not live with them anymore, despite his pleas to stay until he moves to Atlanta. Evil Lives Here - 2016 . This led to his grandparents raising him in the crime-ridden Jordan Downs housing projects. During the party Chauncy tells a girl that "me, A-Wax and Caine went to a Lakers game last night." The movie is hilarious! Menace II Society (1993) Cast: Then and Now [29 Years After] Popular. Menace II Society (1993) online (greek subs) tablet online Mobile Version. Una Great Movie. Kinda the Charles Dutton father figure who tells him there is something better than the hood. Menace II Society. In 1984, Larenz and his family moved to California. While driving one night, he and Sharif are pulled over and beaten by cops. 2022 . Menace II Society. A genre parody film about life in the hood, the Wayans brothers may offend some people but if you have a tolerance for such comedy it's worth a watch. Coming Soon. . Like I said, it was funny like that in the hood sometimes. Menace II Society - Wikipedia Luckily, Ashtray falls for urban poet Dashiki (Tracey Cherelle Jones), and she convinces him to go straight -- but he must deal with her manic ex-boyfriend Toothpick (Darrel Heath). MC Eiht. He is an actor, known for Menace II Society (1993), Boyz n the Hood (1991) and Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004). MENACE II SOCIETY ( UNRATED Director's cut ending) - YouTube Latest Menace Ii Society GIFs | Gfycat With Shawn Wayans, Marlon Wayans, Tracey Cherelle Jones, Chris Spencer. Rumble Fish. 2020. Death of a Dynasty, 2003. Death Valley - 2011 . MC Eiht was born on May 22, 1967 in Compton, California, USA. Caine: After stomping Ilena's cousin like that, I knew I was gonna have to deal with that fool someday. By continuing, you agree to the Privacy Policy and Menace II Society. Ronnie contacts him and they decide to make a plan to bring Caine and Sharif's killer's to justice. Stacy and Ronnie come running out of the house screaming for help. The new family of crime. When Shakur was cast in the role of Sharif who, as described in the film was an ex-knucklehead turned Muslim, he did not agree with how the character was written. [16], The film grossed $27.9 million in the United States and Canada but only $1.6 million internationally for a worldwide total of $29.5 million.[17][1]. Stars: Chris Diamantopoulos, Omid Abtahi, Matt Bomer, Matthew Mercer, Stana Katic, Geoffrey Arend, Keith Ferguson, Darin De Paul, Liam McIntyre, Elysia Rotaru, Ashleigh LaThrop, Armen Taylor Caine, nevertheless, ignores all advice. Regal He works with O-Dog to find Caine's son, and then connects the dots to figure out what happened. Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood (or simply Don't Be a Menace) is a 1996 American black comedy film directed by Paris Barclay in his feature directorial debut, and produced by Keenen Ivory Wayans.It stars the brothers Shawn and Marlon Wayans, who were also both writers with Phil Beauman.The film was released in the United States on January 12, 1996. It's the biggest motivation to help us to make the site better. Soap2day | Watch Menace II Society (1993) Online Free on soap2day.mn Watch Menace Ii Society (1993) HD Full Movie Free on Soap2day. Watch Menace II Society | Prime Video - amazon.com Menace II Society streaming: where to watch online? The brutal fatalism of Menace II Society - The Dissolve This is what's real.". Listen to Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice In the Hood (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Various Artists on Apple Music. I mean, you never knew what was gonna happen, or when. beyond paradise season 1 serie on soap2day | Soap2day.To Sabado de Peliculas . Some games play you. very funny film from the scary movie crew. It gained notoriety for its scenes of violence, profanity, and drug-related content, and also received critical acclaim for the performances of Turner, Jada Pinkett, and Larenz Tate, the direction, and its realistic portrayal of urban violence and powerful underlying messages. 123Movies Watch Menace II Society Online Free 123Movies 2006 .hack//ROOTS - 2006 . It gained notoriety for its scenes of violence, profanity and drug-related . Actor: Glenn Plummer, Jada Pinkett Smith, Jullian Roy Doster, June Kyoto Lu, Khandi Alexander, Larenz Tate . Production: New Line Cinema. Before long, Ashtray's nuclear-armed gangster cousin Loc Dog (Marlon Wayans) introduces him to a bizarrely comic crime underworld. We wont be able to verify your ticket today, but its great to know for the future. Probably the funniest scene is when they enter a convenience store. LaKeith Lee Stanfield is an actor and rapper from Victorville, California. A young street hustler attempts to escape the rigors and temptations of the ghetto in a quest for a better life. A young street hustler attempts to escape the rigors and temptations of the ghetto in a quest for a better life. It ain't no fairy tale. Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood: Directed by Paris Barclay. Pokmon: Lucario and the Mystery of Mew. Country: USA. . Generation Iron 2. Movies have tended to portray poverty as environmentally caused and sustained, often directing ambitious characters toward . Many memorable lines and characters make this a must watch comedy gem, and remains a pivotal start for the Wayans brothers comedy saga. I was embarassed. AFI Movie Club: MENACE II SOCIETY | American Film Institute It's 20 years later and things have changed (and stayed the same) in the hood. All rights reserved. Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in - IMDb Cast of Menace II Society part 2:The Reckoning - IMDb 3. 2020 . This fan theory involves the 1993 film, "Menace II Society." We set out to show tons of evidence in the film that proves the fan theory that O-Dog wasn't re. Release: 1993-05-26. Stay up-to-date on all the latest Rotten Tomatoes news! 76 Metascore. Tyrin Turner, Larenz Tate, June Kyoto Lu, Toshi Toda, Samuel L. Jackson, Anthony Johnson, Brandon Hammond, Glenn Plummer, Reginald Ballard, Khandi Alexander, Eugene Lee, James Pickens Jr., Nancy Cheryll Davis, Jullian Roy Doster, Jada Pinkett Smith, Marilyn Coleman, Arnold Johnson, Saafir, Pooh Man, MC Eiht, Vonte Sweet, Ryan Williams, Cynthia Calhoun, Garen Holman, Joy Matthews, Clifton Powell, Too $hort, Christopher M. Brown, Stacy Arnell, Dwayne Barnes, Ian Davids, Alvin Mears, Bill Duke, Robert Gonzales, Martin Davis, Erin LeShawn Wiley, Charles S. Dutton, Charles J. Grube, Mike Kelly, Rolando Molina, Clifton Collins Jr., Tony Valentino, Daniel Villarreal, Yolanda 'Yo-Yo' Whittaker, Samuel Monroe Jr., Robert Gatewood, Karolyn Grimes, Thomas Rosales Jr., James Stewart. , and to receive email from Rotten Tomatoes. The Long Rider. See production, box office & company info, Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood, Siskel & Ebert: Made in America/Menace II Society/Cliffhanger/Hot Shots! Currently you are able to watch "Menace II Society" streaming on HBO Max, HBO Max Amazon Channel or for free with ads on Tubi TV. Release: 1993. MOVIES ON SOAP2DAY Recommendation. Directors Allen Hughes, Albert Hughes Starring Tyrin Turner, Larenz Tate, Jada Pinkett Genres Suspense, Drama Subtitles English [CC] The film spoofs all the mainstays of the genre, including the one hopeful college bound student's demise, the love interest having many children, and the violence of gangs (and their elaborate tattoos). "[10] The film was placed on both Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert's 10 best films of 1993 lists, with Ebert praising "the way the filmmakers tell Caine's story without making him seem either the hero or victim". The Long Rider. Currently you are able to watch "Menace II Society" streaming on HBO Max, HBO Max Amazon Channel or for free with ads on Tubi TV. S 7th Ave & Montclair St, Los Angeles, California, USA. Rate. Damn. Review/Film; Teen-Agers Living Under the Gun If current server doesn't work, please Refresh the page or switch to another streaming server Below. They divorced after only a few months of marriage. At the age of fifteen, LaKeith began attending the John Casablancas Modeling & Career Center in Orange County. Your Ticket Confirmation # is located under the header in your email that reads "Your Ticket Reservation Details". Menace II Society is a 1993 hood film and the directorial debut of twin brothers Allen and Albert Hughes, starring Tyrin Turner, Jada Pinkett, Larenz Tate and Samuel L. Jackson. Welcome Soap2day Turner, who grew up in that area, says the lethal response, specifically as it . Kenan - 2021 . A trailer for the film included the tagline, "It's the only movie released this year with fourteen words in its title". vive con sus abuelos porque sus padres son un traficante y una drogadicta respectivamente. Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood: Official Clip - Are You My Daddy? Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice In the Actor: Glenn Plummer, Jada Pinkett Smith, Jullian Roy Doster, June Kyoto Lu, Khandi Alexander, Larenz Tate, Reginald Ballard, Samuel L. Jackson, Toshi Toda, Tyrin Turner, Subscribe to 123movies mailing list to receive updates on movies, tv-series and news, Copyright 2022 123movies. Call Me Kat - 2021 . Share a GIF and browse these related GIF tags. The Unrated version contains the following alternate scenes: Loc Dog's chat with the thug chick at the barbecue is extended; After Ashtray is released from jail Loc Dog, Preach and Crazy Legs play a game of Po'Nopoly; Loc Dog's dream is shown at the Old School scene; During Toothpick's drive by, instead of Ashtray running away he tries to save Dashiki, making more sense why he is suddenly lying on the ground; When grandma is said to have the "juice", she chops the guy's head off and puts it in her purse, referring to 'Dead Presidents'. 2021 . At the time I was 33, a white male living in NYC. Caine's fingerprints match those taken from a beer bottle he dropped in the liquor store on the night of the murders, and though he is interrogated by a detective who tricks him by changing the times to confuse him, he soon walks free nonetheless as the police fail to link him. Sharif is killed instantly, while Caine is fatally wounded trying to protect Ronnie's son, Anthony. O Dog went to jail, became a Christian and is trying to save people who are the way he once was. Then I noticed that the Black teenage guys around me were crying too. Director: Albert Hughes,Allen Hughes. The stars of "Menace II Society," actors Tyrin Turner and Larenz Tate, recently dropped by MTV's "RapFix Live" to celebrate the film's 20th anniversary and they talked about Tupac's . I'd done too much to turn back, and I'd done too much to go on. The man who killed Caine's father, his mother's cousin has been trying to be a father figure for the child and has kept what he did a secret successfully from Caine Jr. for the last 20 years and kept him away from Caine's old crew. Just leave us a message here and we will work on getting you verified. Please click the link below to receive your verification email. Avatar: The Way of Water. TOP Movies. Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Critics don't understand a movie like this. Menace II Society [ 1993] DVDrip Xvid Ka Os USC ( Kingdom Release) The consensus reads, "Told with grit and verve by the Hughes brothers in their feature debut, Menace II Society is a gangland epic that breathes with authenticity while steeped in style. [18] In August 2021, Criterion announced that Menace II Society, alongside 5 other films, would be released as a part of its first 4K Ultra HD releases. Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood: Official Clip - Dreams Are for Suckas, Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood: Official Clip - Drive-By, Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood: Official Clip - Old School, Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood: Official Clip - The Man, Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood: Official Clip - You Got Yourself a Job. Movies Genre Action . SD. Cash! This film takes on the boys of the hood & various other films that followed in its wake. After buying a Ford Mustang from a chop shop, Caine carjacks another young black man for his gold Dayton wire wheels and his jewelry, subsequently orders some double cheeseburgers at the fast food restaurant, then purchases a large quantity of cocaine, planning to sell it as crack. Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures, Aurora Teagarden Mysteries: An Inheritance to Die For, Mysterious Circumstance: The Death of Meriwether Lewis, The Young and Prodigious T.S. anywhere in the film, and is missing from the end credits. Menace II Society (1993) R | 97 min | Crime, Drama, Thriller. Marcus. Soap2day is a place to watch movies online with zero ads. [19], In 2013, rapper and record producer Kanye West cited Menace II Society as one of his "most-watched" favorite films on an episode of the Bret Easton Ellis Podcast.[20]. They won't be able to see your review if you only submit your rating. It peaked at #11 on the Billboard 200 and #1 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Coming Soon. Meanwhile, Caine brutally stomps Illena's cousin when he confronts Caine outside his grandparents' house about the pregnancy. Welcome To Me. When I went to the theater, I noticed that most of the audience was Black and in their late teens. "Do you care if you live or die?". "This is the truth. The opening scene of 'Menace II Society' still delivers a jolt, 25 This site does not store any files on our server, we only linked to the media which is hosted on 3rd party services. A parody of several U.S. films about being in the 'Hood', for instance Boyz n the Hood (1991), South Central (1992), Menace II Society (1993), Higher Learning (1995) and Juice (1992).A parody of several U.S. films about being in the 'Hood', for instance Boyz n the Hood (1991), South Central (1992), Menace II Society (1993), Higher Learning (1995) and Juice (1992).A parody of several U.S. films about being in the 'Hood', for instance Boyz n the Hood (1991), South Central (1992), Menace II Society (1993), Higher Learning (1995) and Juice (1992). We want to hear what you have to say but need to verify your email. Age: 19. Menace II Society streaming: where to watch online? - JustWatch By what name was Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood (1996) officially released in India in English? By what name was Menace II Society (1993) officially released in India in English? Menace II Society - YouTube 7.5. I still cry while watching it on video. Watch Menace II Society 1993 | Soap2day.To free in HD genre Drama, Crime , year 1993 on Official Soap2day Original Site. Cinemark Una Great Movie. His middle name, Bakari, means "noble promise" in Swahili. I guess in the end it all catches up with you. Menace II Society (1993) | Moviepedia | Fandom Robert Schimmel is listed in the opening credits, yet he does not appear He is an R&B singer, songwriter, actor, author, television producer and model. ", "The new $7,000 film from Robert Rodriguez", "They're a new breed of gangster. OG2. Menace II Society - Rotten Tomatoes Movie Info. Jada Koren Pinkett Smith was born in Baltimore, Maryland, to Robsol Grant Pinkett, Jr., a contractor, and Adrienne Banfield-Jones, a nurse. Burning Patience. Menace II Society (1993) Plot: This urban nightmare chronicles several days in the life of Caine Lawson, following his high-school graduation, as he attempts to escape his violent existence in the projects of Watts, CA. I'd want Keith to be Caine jrs high school teacher who sees what is going on with Caine and wants to help. Later, Caine and his cousin Harold are carjacked en route from a party, with Caine being wounded and Harold being murdered. Getting Away with Murder(s) The Holly. It would be perfect to bring back Eiht as the former street thug turned OG gang leader. Menace II Society (6,940) 1 h 36 min 1993 R. A young street hustler attempts to escape the rigors and temptations of the ghetto in a quest for a better life. Mighty Aphrodite. At a party, Chauncey, a confederate of Caine in an insurance scam, drunkenly moves sexually towards Ronnie. I applaud the Hughes Brothers for making a movie that is able to connect with so many people. (at around 9 mins) When Ashtray is getting a haircut from his dad, in one frame he's wearing a barber cape in the next one he's not wearing one, then right before the scene is over he's wearing it again. With Shawn Wayans, Marlon Wayans, Tracey Cherelle Jones, Chris Spencer. The Age Of Nature - 2020 . Coming Soon. A young street hustler attempts to escape the rigors and temptations of the ghetto in a quest for a better life.A young street hustler attempts to escape the rigors and temptations of the ghetto in a quest for a better life.A young street hustler attempts to escape the rigors and temptations of the ghetto in a quest for a better life. Masta Killa, Reakwon, Cappadonna & U-God)", "Renee" and more. "[9], Emanuel Levy gave the film an A, saying it is "The most stunning feature debut in the new African American cinema, even more so than Boyz n the Hood to which the coming of age feature bears thematic resemblance. The two are dumped in a Hispanic neighborhood, but the Hispanic gang members surprisingly take them to a hospital rather than beat them further as feared. seven brides for seven brothers 1954 soap2day | Soap2day.To She is the author of The Dunes, a faith-based book for personal growth and the creator of The AmERINcan an online thought leaders forum featuring blogs and panel discussions on emerging political and social issues As an actress Erin Caine Jr's mother who is fed up with her cousin and is flirting with the idea of turning him in, but decides to keep peace until she reaches her breaking point. A young street hustler attempts to escape the rigors and temptations of the ghetto in a quest for a better life. Containing virtually every imaginable use of the N-word, "DBAMTSCWDYJITH" is pure hilarity. O-Dog retaliates at the attackers and is unharmed and Stacy tells him to get help. We have Quality Content for streaming Soap2day with best quality without Registertration. It is also possible to rent "Menace II Society" on Amazon Video, Vudu, Apple TV, Google Play Movies, YouTube, Microsoft Store, Redbox, DIRECTV, AMC on Demand online and to download it on Apple TV, Amazon Video, Google Play Movies, YouTube, Vudu, Microsoft Store, DIRECTV, AMC on Demand, Redbox. All Rights Reserved. Menace II Society (1993) online A young street hustler attempts to escape the rigors and temptations of the ghetto in a quest for a better life. Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in - YIFY A young street hustler attempts to escape the rigors and temptations of the ghetto in a quest for a better life. I must say I got a little nervous. Friday Night Lights season 2 episode 7 - 2007 | Soap2day.To After learning the carjackers' whereabouts, Caine, O-Dog, and their friend A-Wax, an OG, hunt them down and kill them, avenging Harold's death. Thank you for reporting an issue with this video. Spice 1 is known for Menace II Society (1993), Dangerous Ground (1997) and High School High (1996). A talk with the jail chaplain gives him an idea of what he must do with his time out. [6] The film has an 84% approval score on Rotten Tomatoes based on 43 reviews, with an average rating of 7.40/10. 2023 JustWatch - All external content remains the property of the rightful owner. The film is set in Watts and Crenshaw neighborhoods of Los Angeles, and follows the life of Caine Lawson (Tyrin Turner) and his close friends. Just confirm how you got your ticket. 2021 . His father. Dopesick - 2021 . With Soap2day, you can watch movies free online in high quality. The film is set in South Central Los Angeles, California and follows the life of a young man named Kaydee "Caine" Lawson and his close friends. For Love. Which version is uncut? But, as the movie progressed, I got absorbed in it. Watch| Don't Be A Menace To South Central While Drinking Your Juice In the Terms and Policies, and to receive email from Rotten Tomatoes. At the time films about the realities of hood life ("Friday," "Boyz n the Hood," "Menace II Society,") were ubiquitous. Menace II Society (pronounced Menace to Society) is a 1993 American teen drama film directed by the Hughes Brothers in their directorial debut.The film is set in Watts and Crenshaw neighborhoods of Los Angeles, and follows the life of Caine Lawson (Tyrin Turner) and his close friends.It gained notoriety for its scenes of violence, profanity, and drug-related content, and also received critical . Menace II Society: Directed by Albert Hughes, Allen Hughes. Mower Minions. [15] The film also won an Independent Spirit Award for Best Cinematography and was nominated for Best First Feature, but lost to El Mariachi (the first installment in the Robert Rodriguez's Mexico Trilogy). MOVIES ON SOAP2DAY Recommendation. Buena Vista Pictures, Box Office Wrapup: "Museum" Opens at #1 on Christmas Weekend, Critical Consensus: "Dupree" Misfires; "Little Man" Is Short On Laughs. Privacy Policy Bottle Shock. New 'Guardians of the Galaxy Volume 3' Trailer, Stream & Watch 'Menace II Society' Full Movie Online. I liked Cane and I even liked O'Dog. Michael B. Jordan, the middle of three children, was born in Santa Ana, California and raised in Newark, New Jersey. A young street hustler attempts to escape the rigors and temptations of the ghetto in a quest for a better life. We want to hear what you have to say but need to verify your account. In "Menace II Society," it's brewed in the cauldron of post-riots, crack-cocaine era South Central Los Angeles. Director: Albert Hughes,Allen Hughes. Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood: Official Clip - Bet You I Could Get Her Number, Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood: Official Clip - Dashiki's Poem, Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood: Official Clip - Ashtray's Father, Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood: Official Clip - Driving Test. O-Dog vows to murder Chauncey if the police don't catch him first. Initially hesitant, he ultimately agrees. Please reference Error Code 2121 when contacting customer service. The performances, especially those by Tyrin Turner as Caine, Larenz Tate as O-Dog, and Jada Pinkett, as Ronnie, the caring girlfriend, are filled with life and conviction.Because "Menace II Society" paints such an uncompromised picture and offers no easy hope or optimistic conclusion, it may be seen as a negative film in some quarters. Ryan Williams is known for Wag the Dog (1997), The Hurricane (1999) and Menace II Society (1993). Now it's too late. The question isn't whether he will die, but how and when. The image is an example of a ticket confirmation email that AMC sent you when you purchased your ticket. The two men get arrested after a failed car theft attempt. 1993 film directed by Albert and Allen Hughes, For the soundtrack album to the film, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "EXCLUSIVE: MC Eiht Says 2Pac Thought 'Menace II Society' Character Wasn't Gangster", "Tupac Shakur Convicted For Attack On Director Allen Hughes", "Tupac Would Have 'Outshined' 'Menace II Society,' Director Admits", "Violent 'Menace' drawing accolades from unlikely fans", "Menace II Society Review | Movie Reviews and News", "Review/Film; Teen-Agers Living Under the Gun", "1994 MTV Movie Awards | Past Movie Awards | Awards Show Highlights and Winners", "Criterion announces support for 4K UHD Blu-ray, beginning with Citizen Kane", "Kanye Did a Podcast with Bret Easton Ellis", The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest, The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 1, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Menace_II_Society&oldid=1138104911, African-AmericanAsian-American relations, Articles needing additional references from December 2014, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 8 February 2023, at 01:40.